I've been reading Bill Jordan's The Common Good recently, who talks about an alternative form of social welfare (and a limited form of economic redistribution).
The current system in the United States, quite frankly, blows. You are eligible for welfare if you make under the poverty income line, PLUS you have to pass tests to show that you aren't slacking - you're actively working a part-time job or you're looking. In some cases, the government will provide menial labor in which you have to work to receive welfare.
The reason this all falls apart is because the poor aren't given any incentive to rise into middle class society. Welfare depends on your income, so once they get a higher-paying job they lose their welfare checks, and any increase in their wages are not worth the loss in welfare money. Therefore the poor don't have any reason to try and become self-sufficient, and will forever rely on government money.
Bill Jordan proposes providing everyone (of working age), regardless of gender, race, or age, a basic income - enough for subsistence - as a part of citizenship. Being a citizen automatically entitles you to basic income.
He provides the following reasons:
1. The poor will be far more integrated into the workforce. Providing subsistence level income doesn't mean everyone can slack off and just suck the government tit - people are always looking to improve their social status, or at least reach a comfortable standard of living. Most people won't settle for subsistence. There will, of course, be some people in the middle class who will leave and just settle for part-time jobs, but there will be more than enough supply of workers from the poor to replace them.
2. Companies will, hopefully, provide more flexibility in employment. Right now, it's either full time employment or unemployment, with part-time jobs being primarily the domain of students, single mothers, the poor, etc. By providing basic income, some people will be able to (and would rather) work only part-time. The higher availability of part-time jobs will also benefit the poor. (We are assuming these part-time jobs will let workers advance in the company, provide health benefts, etc - just like full time jobs do now - only more flexible in terms of hours.)
The reason why I haven't mentioned the rich is because they make so much that many of them can already choose to not work and live off their monthly savings account interest.
I have been told that a few countries like Australia and Sweden already provide a partial base income (below subsistence), but I have no idea how they've been working out.
The main criticisms I can think of are: Americans will never go for it (can't do nuthin about that, can ya), it will be prohibitively expensive (which is true, but couldnt the government shift their budget around to make it less so? Perhaps I m being naive.), and it will make everyone sloths and not work (which I have already addressed in #1).
So, any thoughts?