I think its too early to tell if our increase in troop levels will actually do any good, I think on the whole we need to move into a new phase of approach to Afghanistan and by that I mean we need to start nation building and as soon as possible. However, you cant build the apparatuses of states, nor roads, hospitals, schools or public works projects unless the country is stable and the situation under control. I mean I sound like some burgeouis technocrat in saying so, but afghanistan has seen nearly continual warfare since the 70s and the country was hardly modernized to begin with. Afghanistan has a long way to go before the situation improves, and I hope that between the US stepping up troop levels and the Pakistani army cracking down on the Taleban in the frontier provinces that security wont be as much of an issue, but the rivalry between Pashtun and non-Pashtun Afghans is probably never going away so its going to be interesting to see if a stable nation-state will ever actually come to fruition in the region.
in the end, afghanistan has a shitload of strikes against it, economically it has been ravaged, the country has very limited arable land, a huge internal refugee population, inter-ethnic strife, its not modernized, anywhere from 5-20% of its territory is covered in mines depending on who you ask, and its currently run by what amounts to a bunch of corrupt mafiosos with large standing militias and lots of weaponry so the whole thing is just like a big clusterfuck of an example of what happens when sphere of influence conflicts never get resolved.