1) What are some of the successful/popular games/series made with the RPG Maker series? I figure this is a good place to start to see what I can learn from them. I really stopped playing them actively around the era of RM2K, and the main guy I remember was Lysander and his game A Blurred Line (as well as his game version of The Book of Three). That's about as far as my knowledge goes.
There's also Skie Fortress' Games that modifies the DBS greatly and DE's Solstice. If you want something simple, I think Jman's Phantasia series fit you well because he tends to be basic with his battle stuff with the DBS. Try out Speak No Evil/Yeaster's latest Games if you want something Shin Megami Tensei inspired. What else...there's this one game but it instantly disappeared from my mind, oh yeah, Kindred Saga. Just...Kindred Saga. There's also Strangeluv's A Home Far Away, that game is pretty good!
2) Where does a newbie go to get himself started? I'm sure there's good resources around but I need help separating the wheat from the chaff. The Gaming World website has changed greatly since I last perused it and the forum has been redesigned quite a bit as well. All I see now on the front page is this blog thing and some broken code. What other websites are good to view?
Well to get started, get the program and play around with it

If you have the 2k3 helpfile, it'll help you a lot too! Don't make your first 10 games epic, make short ones that allows you to practice switches, variables, conditional branches, show pictures, etc. If you want to try scripting, I suggest knowing the program fully for now and then nab RPG's Ruby for Dummies. I think RRR has it too but RPG has a different name there.
3) Where are the good collections of audio/visual resources? I intend to use RMVX so I'm looking for resources catering to it in particular. For audio resources in the past during my experimenting, I used sounds from Caesar III and Civilization IV, as well as pulling midis from VGMusic. For graphic resources I'm at a complete loss.
For Graphics, I suggest First Seed Material. Go to Rpgmakervx.net as well since they have custom resources and base templates there if you want to get it. HBgames.org has one too I think. Then there's RRR and RMRK.net. Most of the time, Japanese sites are the best for resource hunting though.
4) How does the community break down when it comes to the RPG Maker series? Is there a large group of people who reject RMVX and continue to use older versions, for example?
A lot of people use RMVX. They're all equals.