Planetes is my favorite manga, and deals with a lot of psychological issues in its characters, but it's more about the characters and their interactions, I suppose. (If you end up looking for a good action series, Vinland Saga rocks hard. Makoto Yukimura is awesome.) Nijihara Holograph and similar works by the same artist/author are a collection of short stories that deal with the psychological problems some of the characters have, and I found it to be a pretty good read, so you might want to check it out. All the manga I've mentioned is under 5ish volumes, though (Planetes is split in the U.S. release, which I own, but kept as four volumes in the Japanese one, though it's still a pretty lengthy read), so if you're looking for a longer series like Monster or MPD Psycho, you might want to look elsewhere, I guess.
MPD Psycho is a pretty good choice (if you're not easily grossed out), and Monster, too. I haven't gotten past a certain volume on either of those, though, because I was a bit too busy to read when they were being scanslated. But that's some good, quality manga nonetheless.
I'm sort of drawing a blank, but I guess
this might help you, although some of the manga that appears on that list might not even be worth mentioning.
EDIT: Forgot Akira, which is like the pinnacle of psychological manga (if you haven't read it already). It's only six volumes (in its U.S. release, which was awesome, by the way), but each volume is preeettttty big so it'll keep you satisfied for a while. When I get enough money, I think I'll get the real thing. Although Dark Horse reversed the comics in print, I still think it was a great quality publication.